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Is Papua autonomy a myth ?
The Jakarta Post August 21, 2003
by Neles Tebay, Pontifical, University of Urbaniana, Rome
The province of Papua has just conducted its evaluation after the
first year's implementation of the special autonomy law in Jayapura,
on July 28-29. Attended by all the regents, tribal leaders,
religious leaders and scholars, the evaluation conveyed two
messages. The first is that the special autonomy seems to be an
illusion, at least in the first year of its implementation.
Earlier reports confirm Papua Governor J.P. Salousa's
acknowledgement that the special autonomy was not yet successful.
"The troubled province of Papua was granted special autonomy in 2001
with around Rp 1.2 trillion disbursed last year to smooth the way
for its implementation, but life remains unchanged among the
impoverished people there." (The Jakarta Post, Aug.2)
Special autonomy for Papua will remain nothing more than an
illusion, unless Jakarta is committed to implementing it properly.
Jakarta has ignored calls raised by the supporters of the autonomy,
either from within or outside of the country, to issue the
governmental regulation for the establishment of the Papua People's
Assembly (MRP) as mandated by the law.
Instead, Jakarta produced the controversial Presidential Instruction
No.1 2003, on the acceleration of the division of Papua into three
smaller provinces.
The Instruction has raised strong objections from people in Papua,
Jakarta, and many foreign countries. Yet the government insists upon
establishing the new province of West Irian Jaya in Manokwari.
The second message from the evaluation of the first year is that it
is the local government, both at the provincial and regency levels
which considers the law a breakthrough for Papua's future.
They believe that a full and effective implementation of the law
will create more opportunities for Papuans in terms of
self-empowerment and capacity building within the unitary state of
the republic. Hence they see that there is no other way but to
implement the autonomy law.
Therefore, the evaluation recommends that the governor and the
provincial legislative council set up a provisional Papua People's
Assembly, pending the issuance of the central government regulation
for the establishment of the Assembly.
Meanwhile Jakarta needs to take into account the changes that have
taken place with regard to Papua's autonomy.
First, Jakarta has changed its own position from offering the status
of special autonomy for Papua, thus completely undermining its own
law.
Second, the Papuans have also changed, from flatly rejecting the
special autonomy law to starting to perceive the opportunities it
could offer.
Third, the change in perspective on the Papua issue within the
international community (including governments and non-governmental
organizations (NGOs)). When
Jakarta offered the autonomy status for Papua, the world gave its
full support to Jakarta.
Yet given Jakarta's subsequent non-compliance within its own law,
the international community now is beginning to seriously heed the
(autonomy/separatist) aspirations from within Papua. While most
express support for Indonesia's territorial integrity, they have
been putting more pressure on Jakarta to implement the special
autonomy law.
A group of leading German NGOs conducted a year-long evaluation of
the autonomy law that was announced at a conference in June. The
conference welcomed the special autonomy law as "a means for
peaceful conflict resolution and a step towards further recognition
of the rights of the people of Papua."
Germany's parliament sees Papua's autonomy as "a means to enhance
democratization and the realization of human rights" and "as a
legitimate expression of the will of the people of Papua to be the
sole architects of their fate, in accordance with international
human rights law."
The conference then stressed the need for "mutual trust and mutual
understanding," "a constructive dialog process" between Jakarta and
Papua's representatives," and "an institutionalized platform for
dialog" between Jakarta and the Papuan people.
The conference "welcomed the international community to play a role
in supporting the constructive dialog, the confidence-building
process" and the implementation of the law.
The New York-based Council on Foreign Relations has already called
upon the government to drop its plan for Papua's division and to
perform a full and effective implementation the special autonomy law
for Papua as it would be "a win-win situation".
The European Parliament (EP), through its resolution on Indonesia --
particularly on Aceh and Papua -- adopted on June 6, urged Indonesia
"to withdraw the Presidential Decree No.1/2003 on the division of
Papua" issued on Jan. 27, "because it undermines the special
autonomy law for Papua and consequently the EU commitments regarding
this special autonomy."
The EP also urges the government "to work towards the full
implementation of the Special Autonomy Law for Papua by finalizing
and approving government regulations regarding budgeting,
legislative drafting and institutional development, including the
implementation of the MRP and the Commission for Truth and
Reconciliation."
It would therefore be too risky not to implement the law -- more so
to assume that international support for Jakarta cannot change.
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